教師是知識的傳播者和教育心理學家，在課堂上指導和引導學生。 然而，這是一個很大的挑戰，需要教師有 行為管理策略. 因為它們將是確保每一節課取得成功、營造積極的學習環境、促進良好教與學的基礎。
As the name implies, behaviour management strategies include the plans, skills, and techniques teachers or parents use to help children promote good behaviours and limit bad ones. So, in today’s article, let’s find out the 9 best behaviour management strategies teachers should know!
- 1 – Set Classroom Rules With Students
- 2 – Help Students Understand
- 3 – Limited Time For Activities
- 4 – Stop The Mess With A Little Humour
- 5 – Use Innovative Teaching Methods
- 6 – Turn “Punishment” Into “Reward
- 7 – Three Steps Of Sharing
- 8 – Apply Classroom Management Skills
- 9 – Listen And Understand Your Students
- 最後的思考
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1. 與學生一起制定課堂規則
在課堂上製定行為管理策略的第一步是讓學生參與製定課堂規則.
這樣，學生就會感到受到尊重並有責任維持 課堂規則 例如保持教室清潔、上課時保持安靜、愛護財物等。
例如，在上課開始時，老師會提出以下問題來引導學生建立規則：
- 我們是否應該同意，如果課堂不吵鬧，在課堂結束時你就可以畫畫/禮物？
- 當我把手放在嘴唇上時，我們能不能都保持沉默？
- 老師上課的時候，我們能不能把注意力放在黑板上？
Or the teacher should write down the “tips” for being a good listener on the board. Every time a student does not follow, immediately stop teaching and have the student reread the tips.
對於實施例：
- 耳朵聽
- 眼睛看著老師
- 嘴巴不說話
- 有問題請舉手
每當學生不聽老師的話或不聽同學的話時，老師都需要非常認真地提醒他們。 你可以讓學生立即重複提示，並感謝那些善於傾聽的人。
2.幫助學生理解
At any level, let students understand exactly why they should stop the fuss immediately when the teacher’s “keep quiet” signal is given.
In behaviour management strategies, have a conversation and help your students visualise what it would be like if they weren’t paying attention during class.例如，你可以說， “If you keep talking and playing with toys for hours, you will miss out on knowledge, and then you won’t understand why the sky is blue and how the suns rotate. Hmm. That’s a pity, isn’t it?”
With respect, make students understand that maintaining correct behaviour in the classroom is not for the teacher’s authority but for their benefit.
3.限制活動時間
如果您在課程中已經有了詳細的計劃，請為每項活動指定時間。 然後告訴學生你希望他們在每個時期完成什麼。 當該時間限制結束時，您將倒計時 5…4…3…4…1，當您返回 0 時，學生們肯定會完全完成他們的工作。
You can use this form with rewards, if students maintain it, reward them weekly and monthly. If they don’t, limit the time they could be “free” – It’s like the price to pay for their “wasting of time”.
這個 將幫助學生了解計劃和設定時間的價值，並在課堂上養成他們學習的習慣。
4. 用一點幽默來阻止混亂
有時，笑聲有助於讓課堂恢復到原來的樣子。 然而，許多老師將幽默問題與諷刺混為一談。
While humour can quickly “fix” the situation, sarcasm can damage your relationship with the student involved. Be observant to realise that there are things one student thinks are fun and another student finds offensive.
比如，上課有吵鬧的同學，你可以輕聲說， “Alex seems to have a lot of funny stories to share with you today, we can talk together at the end of class. Please”.
這種溫和的行為管理策略提醒將幫助班級迅速平靜下來而不會傷害任何人。
5/使用創新的教學方法
管理學生行為的最佳方式是通過創新的教學方法讓他們參與課程。 這些方法將使學生比以往任何時候都更多地與講座和老師互動，而不是只是坐著雙臂交叉。 一些 創新的教學方法是： 使用虛擬實境技術，利用設計思考過程、專案為基礎的學習、以探究為基礎的學習等。
通過這些方法，孩子們將有機會合作和討論活動，例如：
- 玩現場測驗 以及獲得獎勵的遊戲
- 為班級創建並推廣社交媒體帳戶。
- 計劃一個班級聚會。
6/變“懲罰”為“獎勵”
Don’t make the punishments too heavy and cause unnecessary stress for your students. You can use more creative and easy ways like Turning “punishment” into “reward”.
This method is straightforward; you need to “give” strange rewards to students who misbehave or are noisy in class.
For example, you can start with a statement: “Today, I have prepared a lot of rewards for those who talk a lot during class…”.
- #1 獎勵：通過動作描述請求的動物
The teacher prepares many pieces of paper; each piece will write the name of an animal. Students called to “receive” will be drawn to a random piece of paper, and then use their body to describe that animal. Students below have the task of looking closely to guess what the animal is.
Teachers can replace the animal’s name with the names of musical instruments (e.g., lute, guitar, flute); the name of an object (pot, pan, blanket, chair, etc.); or sports names so that the “rewards” are plentiful.
- # 2 獎勵：隨著視頻跳舞
The teacher will prepare some dance videos. Call them up when there are noisy students and ask them to dance to the video. Whoever does the right thing will get back to the place. (And the audience will decide the decision – the students sitting below).
- # 3 獎勵：使用肢體語言進行小組討論
Because the student’s fault is for making noise in the classroom, this punishment will require the student to do the opposite. The teacher calls the students out of order and divides the students into 2-3 groups.
他們會收到一張紙，上面寫著隨機事物的名稱。任務是學生小組只能用臉部表情和肢體動作，不能用語言，互相討論如何表達這個字。當全班猜測事物的名稱。
7/ 分享的三步曲
與其僅僅詢問或懲罰在課堂上行為不端的學生，不如與學生分享您的感受？ 這將表明您真的足夠關心和信任與您的學生分享。
例如，如果你通過以下分享的三個步驟談論文學課上吵鬧的學生給你帶來的感受：
- 談論學生行為：“當我在講偉大的莎士比亞詩人的故事時，你在和亞當說話。”
- 陳述學生行為的後果：“我必須停止……”
- 告訴這位學生你的感受：“這讓我很難過，因為我花了這麼多天的時間來準備這堂課。”
還有一次，老師對班上最調皮的學生說： “I don’t know what I did to make you hate me. Please let me know if I’ve gotten angry or done something to upset you. I got the feeling that I did something to displease you, so you showed no respect for me.”
這是一次坦誠的談話，雙方都付出了很大的努力。 那個學生不再在課堂上大聲喧嘩。
8.運用課室管理技巧
無論你是新老師還是有多年經驗的老師，這些實用的 課堂管理技巧 將幫助您與學生建立持久的關係，也將有助於創造良好的學習環境。
玩複習遊戲或透過數學遊戲、現場測驗、有趣的腦力激盪、圖畫讓你的課堂變得更加精彩 詞云, and Student Day keep you in control of your classroom and make the class more joyful.
In particular, do not forget one of the class models that supports the most effective classroom management and the most effective behaviour management – 翻轉課堂.
9.傾聽並理解你的學生
傾聽和理解是建立行為管理策略的兩個關鍵因素。
每個學生都有獨特的個性特徵，需要不同的方法和解決方案。 了解每個人的想法將使教師更接近學生。
此外，許多學生在被迫或不允許表達自己的觀點時變得具有破壞性和攻擊性。 因此，在裁定任何行為之前，請確保您關心並讓孩子說話。
最後的思考
行為管理策略有很多，但針對每個班級情況和學生群體，找到適合您的路徑。
In particular, make sure you leave your emotional baggage outside of the classroom. If you have negative emotions like anger, boredom, frustration or fatigue, ensure you don’t show them to your students. A bad emotion can spread like an epidemic, and students are very susceptible to infection. As a teacher, you need to overcome that!
