如何進行學生辯論：6 年課堂討論的 2024 個步驟

There’s no debate here; 學生辯論 是鼓勵批判性思維的最佳方式之一， 吸引學生 並將學習交到學習者的手中。

So, how to hold a student debate? They’re not just for argumentative classes or budding politicians, and they’re not just for smaller or more mature courses. Student debates are for everyone, and they’re rightfully becoming a mainstay of school curricula.

在這裡，我們深入 課堂辯論的世界. 我們著眼於好處和各種類型的學生辯論，以及主題、一個很好的例子，以及至關重要的是，如何通過 6 個簡單的步驟建立自己富有成效、有意義的課堂辯論。

了解我們的更多信息 互動課堂活動!

Overview

AhaSlides 的更多提示

• How to Debate For Beginners
• 有爭議的意見

How to Hold a Student Debate? Table of Contents

• Overview
• AhaSlides 的更多提示
• Why student debates need more love
• 6 steps for holding a student debate
• 3 different types of student debate to try
• 40 student debate topics
• The perfect student debate example
• 常見問題

為什麼學生辯論需要更多的愛

Regular debating in class can profoundly shape both personal and professional aspects of a student’s life. Here are a few of the ways in which having meaningful class discussions can be a seriously worthwhile investment in students’ nows and their futures:

• 說服的力量 – Student debates teach learners that there’s always a contemplative, data-driven approach towards any impasse. Students learn how to form a convincing, measured argument that, for some, may be helpful on a daily occurence in the future.
  
• The Virtue of Tolerance – On the flip side, holding a student debate in class also builds listening skills. It teaches learners to truly listen to opinions that differ from their own and understand the sources of those differences. Even losing in a debate lets students know that it’s okay to change their mind on a matter.
  
• 100% Possible Online – At a time when teachers are still struggling to migrate the in-class experience online, student debates offer a hassle-free activity that requires no physical space. There are alterations to make, sure, but there’s no reason why student debates shouldn’t be part of your approach to online teaching.
  
• 以學生為中心 – The benefits of putting students, not subjects, at the centre of learning is already well explored. 學生辯論讓學習者或多或少可以自由支配他們所說的話、他們所做的事情以及他們如何回應。

舉行學生辯論的 6 個步驟

Step #1 – Introduce the Topic

對於辯論的結構，首先，自然地，舉辦學校辯論的第一步就是給他們一些可說的話。 課堂辯論的話題範圍幾乎是無限的，甚至是即興辯論主題。 你可以提供任何陳述，或提出任何是/否問題，只要保證辯論規則，就讓雙方進行討論。

Still, the best topic is the one that splits your class as close to down the middle as possible. If you need some inspiration, we’ve got 40 student debate topics 在這裡.

選擇完美主題的一個好方法是通過 在你的課堂上收集關於它的初步意見，並查看哪一方的學生人數或多或少是偶數：

儘管像上面這樣的簡單是/否民意調查可能會做，但還有許多其他創造性的方法來確定和設置主題供您的學生討論：

1. 圖片投票 – Present some images and see which one each student identifies with the most.
2. 詞云 – See how often the class uses the same word when they’re expressing opinions.
3. 評定量表 – Present statements on a sliding scale and get students to rate agreement from 1 to 5.
4. 開放式問題 – Let students have the freedom to express their opinions on a topic.

免費下載！ ⭐ You can find all of these questions in the free AhaSlides template below. Your students can answer these questions live via their phones, and then see visualised data about the whole class’ opinions.

Step #2 – Create the Teams and Determine the Roles

有了這個話題，下一步就是形成 2 方討論它。 在辯論中，這些方面被稱為 肯定 和 負。

1. 團隊肯定 – The side agreeing with the proposed statement (or voting ‘yes’ to the proposed question), which is usually a change to the status quo.
2. 團隊負面 – The side disagrees with the proposed statement (or voting ‘no’ to the proposed question) and wants to keep things the way they’re done.

Actually, 2 sides are the bare minimum you need. If you have a large class or a sizeable number of students who aren’t entirely in favour of the affirmative or the negative, you can expand the learning potential by expanding the number of teams.

3. 團隊中間地帶 – The side wants to change the status quo but still keeps some things the same. They can refute points from either side and try to find a compromise between both.

尖端 #1 💡 Don’t punish fence-sitters. While one of the reasons to have a student debate is to make learners more confident in voicing their opinions, there will be times when they’re 真正處於中間立場. Let them occupy this stance, but they should know it’s not a ticket out of the debate.

你的課程的其餘部分將包括 裁判. They will listen to each point in the debate and will score each team’s overall performance depending on the 計分系統 你晚點出發。

As for each speaker’s team roles, you can set these how you like. One popular format amongst student debates in class is the one used in the British parliament:

這涉及每個團隊有 4 名發言人，但您可以通過為每個角色分配兩名學生並在分配的時間內給他們每人一分來將其擴展到更大的班級。

Step #3 – Explain How it Works

在開始之前，您必須明確學生辯論的 3 個關鍵部分。 這些是你對可能在社會中經歷的那種無政府主義辯論的障礙 實際 英國議會。 辯論的重要部分是 結構是， 規則 和 計分系統.

— The Structure —

學生辯論首先需要有堅實的結構並遵守辯論準則。 它需要是 側 這樣沒有人可以互相交談，並且需要允許足夠的 時間 供學習者提出自己的觀點。

查看此示例學生辯論的結構。 辯論總是從團隊肯定開始，然後是團隊否定

提示#2 💡 學生辯論的結構可以靈活，同時嘗試哪些有效但 應該一成不變 when the final structure has been decided. Keep an eye on the clock, and don’t let speakers overstep their time slot.

— The Rules —

The strictness of your rules depends on the likelihood that your class will dissolve into politicians upon hearing the opening statements. Yet, no matter who you teach, there will always be overly vocal students and students who don’t want to speak up. Clear rules help you level the playing field and encourage participation from everyone.

Here are some you’ll probably want to use in your class discussion:

1. Stick to the structure! Do not talk when it’s not your turn.
2. 保持主題。
3. 不發誓。
4. 不訴諸人身攻擊。

— The Scoring System —

Though the point of a classroom debate is not really to ‘win’, you’ll probably find that the natural competitiveness of your students demands some points-based placation.

You can award points for…

• 有影響力的陳述
• 有數據支持的證據
• 雄辯的交付
• 強大的肢體語言
• 相關視覺效果的使用
• 對題目的真實理解

當然，判斷一場辯論從來都不是純粹的數字遊戲。 您或您的評委團隊必鬚髮揮您最好的分析技能來為辯論的每一方打分。

提示#3 💡 用於辯論 ESL課堂, 在使用的​​語言比得分重要得多的地方，您應該獎勵標準，例如不同的語法結構和高級詞彙。 同時，使用母語也可以扣分。

Step #4 – Time to Research and Write

Everyone clear on the topic and classroom discussion rules? Good! It’s time to prepare your arguments.

就你而言，你在這裡要做的是 設定時間限制 為了研究，列出一些 預定來源 信息, and then monitor your students to be sure that they’re 保持主題.

他們應該研究他們的觀點和 頭腦風暴 possible rebuttals from the other team and decide what they would say in response. Likewise, they should anticipate their opponents’ points and consider rebuttals.

Step #5 – Prepare the Room (or the Zoom)

While your teams are finalising their points, it’s time to prepare for the show.

Do your best to recreate the atmosphere of a professional debate by arranging tables and chairs to face each other across the room. Usually, the speaker will stand on a podium in front of their table and will return to their table when they’re finished talking.

Naturally, things are a little tougher if you’re hosting a student debate online. Still, there are a few fun ways to 在 Zoom 上區分團隊:

• 讓每個團隊拿出來 球隊顏色 and to decorate their Zoom backgrounds with them or to wear them as a uniform.
• 鼓勵每個團隊發明一個 團隊吉祥物 並讓每個成員在辯論時在屏幕上展示它。

Step #6 – Debate!

讓戰鬥開始！

Remember that this is your student’s time to shine; try to butt in as little as possible. If you have to speak, make sure it’s just to keep order amongst the class or to relay the structure or scoring system. Plus, here are some 介紹實例 讓您在辯論中大放異彩！

Cap the debate by scoring each team on the criteria you laid out in the scoring system. Your judges can fill out the scores of each criterion throughout the debate, after which the scores can be tallied, and the average number across each bar will be the team’s final score.

提示#4 💡 直接進入深度辯論分析可能很誘人，但這是 最好保存到下一課. 讓學生放鬆，思考要點，下次再來分析。

嘗試不同類型的學生辯論

上面的結構有時被稱為 林肯-道格拉斯格式, made famous by a series of fiery debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. However, there’s more than one way to tango when it comes to debating in class:

1. 角色扮演辯論 – Students act out a debate based on the opinions of a fictional or non-fictional character. This is a great way to get them to open their minds and try putting forward a convincing argument with views different to their own.
   
2. 即興辯論 – Think pop quiz, but for debating! Impromptu student debates give speakers no time to prepare, which is a good exercise in improvisational and critical thinking skills.
   
3. 市政廳辯論 – Two or more students face the audience and answer questions from them. Each side gets a chance to answer each question and can refute each other as long as it stays more-or-less civilised!

Check out the best 13 Amazing 在線辯論遊戲 for Students of All Ages (+30 Topics)!

需要更多方法來吸引學生嗎？ 💡看看這些 12個學生參與的想法 或者 翻轉教室 technique, for the live and online classrooms!

40 Student Debate Topics

您是否正在尋找一些靈感來將辯論帶到課堂上？ 瀏覽下面這 40 個學生辯論主題，並與您的學生投票決定選擇哪個。

學生辯論的學校主題

1. 我們是否應該創建一個混合教室並同時進行遠程和課堂學習？
2. 我們應該禁止在學校穿制服嗎？
3. 我們應該禁止家庭作業嗎？
4. 我們應該嘗試翻轉課堂學習模式嗎？
5. 我們應該在外面多學習嗎？
6. Should we abolish exams and test through coursework?
7. 每個人都應該上大學嗎？
8. 大學學費應該低一些嗎？
9. 我們應該上投資課嗎？
10. 電子競技應該成為體育課的一部分嗎？

學生辯論的環境話題

11. 我們應該禁止動物園嗎？
12. 是否應該允許將異國情調的貓作為寵物飼養？
13. 我們應該建造更多的核電站嗎？
14. 我們是否應該嘗試在全球範圍內降低出生率？
15. 我們是否應該禁止 全部 一次性塑料？
16. 我們應該把私人草坪變成分配地和野生動物棲息地嗎？
17. Should we start an ‘international government for the environment’?
18. 我們是否應該強迫人們改變應對氣候變化的方式？
19. Should we discourage ‘fast fashion’?
20. 我們是否應該禁止在擁有良好火車和巴士系統的小國的國內航班？

學生辯論的社會話題

21. 我們應該嗎 全部 是素食主義者還是素食主義者？
22. 我們應該限制玩電子遊戲的時間嗎？
23. 我們應該限制花在社交媒體上的時間嗎？
24. 我們應該讓所有浴室都性別中立嗎？
25. 是否應該延長標準產假？
26. 我們應該繼續發明可以做的人工智能嗎？ 全部 工作？
27. 我們應該有普遍的基本收入嗎？
28. 監獄應該用來懲罰還是改造？
29. 我們應該採用社會信用體係嗎？
30. 我們應該禁止使用我們數據的廣告嗎？

學生辯論的假設主題

31. 如果永生是一種選擇，你會接受嗎？
32. 如果偷竊合法，你會這樣做嗎？
33. 如果我們可以輕鬆且廉價地克隆動物，我們應該這樣做嗎？
34. 如果一種疫苗可以預防 全部 spreadable disease, should we force people to take it?
35. 如果我們可以輕鬆地搬到另一個像地球這樣的星球，我們應該嗎？
36. If 沒有 動物有滅絕的危險，所有動物的養殖都應該合法嗎？
37. 如果你可以選擇從不工作，仍然過著舒適的生活，你會嗎？
38. 如果你可以選擇在世界任何地方舒適地生活，你明天會搬家嗎？
39. 如果你可以選擇買一隻小狗或領養一隻老狗，你會選擇哪個？
40. 如果外出就餐和自己做飯是一樣的價格，你會每天都在外面吃飯嗎？

您可能希望將這些辯論主題的一部分提供給您的學生，他們將擁有最終發言權。 為此，您可以使用簡單的民意調查，或者就每個主題的特徵提出更細微的問題，看看學生最喜歡討論哪個主題。

免費為您的學生投票！ ⭐ AhaSlides helps you put students at the centre of the classroom and give them a voice through live polling, quizzing and idea exchanging. In terms of raising student engagement, there’s no debate.

完美的學生辯論範例

We’ll leave you with one of the absolute best examples of student debates from a show on the Korean broadcasting network Arirang. The show, Intelligence – High School Debate, 幾乎涵蓋了教師應該渴望將其帶到課堂上的精彩學生辯論的方方面面。

一探究竟：

提示#5 💡 Manage your expectations. The kids in this program are absolute pros, and many debate eloquently with English as their second language. Don’t expect your students to be at the same level – 必要的參與是一個好的開始!