很多人都承認了 策略制定 and strategic planning as the same, but it isn’t. The first step of strategic planning is the formulation process. For any company, Formulating a strategy is the most important part as it places the Forces before taking an action, and emphasizes effectiveness and rationale.
那什麼是戰略制定呢？ 在本文中，我們將詳細解釋戰略制定的過程、它是什麼、制定戰略的步驟以及為各種企業創建制勝戰略制定的技巧。
目錄
提高參與度的技巧
什麼是戰略制定？
So, what is strategic formulation? Strategy formulation is the process of defining an organization’s direction, objectives, and plans for achieving those objectives. It involves analyzing an organization’s strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats present in its external environment to develop a comprehensive plan for achieving its goals.
戰略制定的必要性
During the process of strategy formulation, an organization’s leaders consider a range of factors, such as market trends, customer needs, competitor behaviour, technological developments, and regulatory requirements. They also assess the organization’s resources, including its financial, human, and physical assets, to determine how best to allocate those resources to achieve its objectives.
The outcome of strategy formulation is typically a strategic plan that outlines the organization’s goals, objectives, and actions required to achieve them. This plan provides a framework for decision-making and guides the allocation of resources, as well as the design and implementation of specific initiatives and projects. Effective strategy formulation is critical to an organization’s success, as it ensures that its efforts are aligned with its overall mission and vision and that it is well-positioned to compete in its chosen markets.
戰略制定的三種類型是什麼？
成本領先戰略
一家公司可以採用成本領先戰略，通過成為其行業中的低成本生產商來獲得競爭優勢。 這涉及確定在為客戶保持質量和價值的同時降低成本的方法。 例如，沃爾瑪採用成本領先戰略，利用其規模、物流和供應鏈效率向客戶提供低價。
差異化戰略
Competitive strategy is about being different. A company might offer unique products or services that are perceived as superior by customers in the race to stay ahead of rivals. This involves identifying ways to differentiate the company’s products or services from those of competitors. For example, Apple uses a differentiation strategy to offer premium, innovative products with a strong brand identity and customer experience.
專注策略
A focus strategy can be utilized to achieve a competitive advantage by targeting a specific customer segment or market niche. This aims to identify a segment of customers with specific needs and preferences and tailor the company’s products or services to meet those needs. For example, Southwest Airlines uses a focus strategy by targeting budget-conscious travellers with a low-cost, no-frills airline experience that emphasizes efficiency and customer service.
戰略制定過程的 5 個步驟
In order to put your organization on the right track for years to come, it is a challenging task. However, with the right Strategy Formulation at the beginning, it promises the company can determine the strategy’s long-term efficacy. And, here are 5 steps in formulating a business strategy effectively:
第一步：制定使命和願景
The first step in strategy formulation is to define the organization’s mission and vision. This involves clarifying the purpose of the organization and establishing specific, measurable goals that the organization seeks to achieve.
Remember that your mission and vision statements are not static. They should evolve and adapt as your organization grows and changes. Regularly review and update them to ensure that they continue to reflect your organization’s purpose and direction.
第二步：環境掃描
現在是組織識別威脅和機遇、優勢和劣勢的時候了，換句話說，就是可能影響其成功的內部和外部因素。
Environmental scanning involves the systematic collection and analysis of information about external factors that may affect an organization’s performance. These factors can include economic, social, technological, environmental, and political trends, as well as competitors and customers. The purpose of environmental scanning is to identify threats and opportunities that may impact the organization and inform strategic decisions. Using PEST analysis can help you in the scanning environment.
另外，Strategy Formulation的第二步也可以從 SWOT分析. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the organization’s current position and helps identify areas for improvement.
第 3 步：確定戰略選擇
Identifying strategic options is a critical step in formulating a strategy, which involves considering different approaches to achieving the organization’s goals and objectives.
根據第二步中的情況分析，組織應確定實現其目標的戰略選擇。 這可以包括增長、多元化、專注或市場滲透的選擇。
第 4 步：評估策略
一旦 戰略選擇 have been identified, they should be evaluated based on factors such as feasibility, suitability, acceptability, Return on investment (ROI), risk, timeframe, and cost. Here are some factors for the 高管團隊 to consider when evaluating strategic options:
第 5 步：選擇最佳策略
Come to the final step, after the company weighs the pros and cons of each strategic option against the organization’s goals and objectives, resources, and external environment, the time seems right to choose the best one and develop an action plan that outlines the specific steps that will be taken to implement the strategy.
What are three types of Strategy Formulation?
在規劃之初就需要考慮戰略形成的規模。 管理團隊應該為每個管理級別制定不同的計劃。
三種類型的戰略制定適用於三個不同的企業層級，具體如下：
企業層面
在公司層面，戰略制定的重點是定義整個組織的範圍和方向。 這包括確定組織將運營的業務和行業，並確定如何管理和整合這些業務以實現總體戰略目標。
業務層面
在業務層面製定戰略的重點是為組織內的特定業務部門或產品線開發競爭優勢。 目標是為客戶創造價值並為組織創造可持續的利潤。
功能級
職能層面的戰略制定包括確定職能領域、分析內部和外部環境、確定目標和目標、制定戰略和策略以及分配資源。
制定成功戰略的 5 個技巧
進行徹底的分析
Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the internal and external environment to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This will help to develop a clear understanding of the organization’s current position and the factors that may impact its future success.
設定明確的目的和目標
Set clear, specific, and measurable objectives and goals that are aligned with the organization’s mission and vision. This will help to guide decision-making and ensure that resources are allocated effectively.
制定靈活和適應性強的方法
開發一種靈活且適應性強的方法，以適應不斷變化的市場條件和客戶需求。 這將有助於確保組織隨著時間的推移保持相關性和競爭力。
讓主要利益相關者參與
Involve key 利益相關者, such as employees, customers, suppliers, and partners, in the strategy formulation process. This will help to ensure that diverse perspectives and ideas are considered and that the strategy is supported by those who will be responsible for its implementation.
監控和評估進展
監視和 evaluate progress regularly against the objectives and goals set out in the strategy. This will help to identify areas of success and areas that may need adjustment and to make necessary changes to ensure the organization stays on track.
與AhaSlides集思廣益
Don’t hesitate to take advantage of brainstorming tools to develop and select strategic options productively. AhaSlides’ well-designed brainstorming templates can be a good deal for the executive team.
此外，使用 啊哈幻燈片 to collaborate with your team member and conduct surveys and polls to gather feedback from your team and stakeholders can be an amazing idea. This will help to ensure that everyone’s perspectives are considered and that the strategy is aligned with their needs and expectations.
底線
If there are significant structural changes in an industry, a company’s strategy may need to switch also. In that case, a multiple-approach strategy formulation can be the best solution. Never blur the company’s strategic position when you select strategic options for the implementation process.
參考： HBS
常見問題
Strategy Formulation Refers to the…
Strategy formulation refers to the process of developing a well-defined plan or approach that an organization will use to achieve its goals and objectives. It is a critical phase in strategic management and involves making decisions and setting priorities to guide the organization’s actions and resource allocation. Strategy formulation typically includes the following key elements: Mission and Vision and Analysis of the Internal and External Environment
Best Strategy Formulation Examples?
Strategy formulation is a crucial process that varies widely depending on the organization, its goals, and the competitive landscape.. As the strategy formulation examples should be based on Cost Leadership Strategy, Product Differentiation Strategy and Market Expansion Strategy…
