What is Agile methodology and how does it work?

Agile methodology is a project management approach that values adaptability and responsiveness to change in order to deliver high-quality results. Unlike traditional project management methods, Agile breaks down projects into smaller, manageable tasks and focuses on delivering value incrementally.

What is an example of Agile?

Imagine a software development company that wants to build a new mobile application. Using Agile methodology, the company would break down the project into smaller, manageable tasks called user stories.

敏捷方法論 | 2024 年最佳實務

敏捷方法 由於其靈活和迭代的方法，它在軟件開發中獲得了廣泛的歡迎。由於框架和實踐的多樣性，與傳統瀑布方法相比，敏捷方法提供了一種不同的項目管理方式。

If you don’t want your competitor to leave you behind, embracing Agile methodology in project management can be excellent techniques to stay ahead in today’s fast-paced business world. But before that, it is important to get deeper insight into the world of Agile methodology. Let’s go over some key features about Agile methodology which provides better understanding of how Agile methodology works in practice.

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What is Agile methodology?

敏捷方法是一種專注於靈活性、持續改進和客戶協作的項目管理方法。它起源於對傳統瀑布方法的局限性的回應，傳統瀑布方法通常導致漫長的開發週期和僵化的流程。敏捷方法非常強調迭代開發、頻繁的反饋循環以及響應不斷變化的需求的能力。

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工作流程敏捷，渣渣敏捷 — *Differences of some Agile working model with Waterfall framework model* | *照片：Freepik*

What are the 5 Agile methodologies?

在這一部分中，我們將探討五種主要的敏捷方法，包括 Scrum、看板、精益、極限編程 (XP) 和水晶方法。每種方法都有其獨特的特徵、原則和實踐，有助於成功的敏捷項目管理。

爭球

Agile Scrum framework is one of the most widely adopted Agile methodology. Agile project management with Scrum divides projects into short iterations called sprints, usually lasting two to four weeks. The framework incorporates several key roles, including the Scrum Master, Product Owner, and Development Team. Scrum emphasizes daily stand-up meetings, sprint planning, backlog refinement, and sprint reviews to ensure transparency, effective communication, and continuous improvement. Its benefits include increased collaboration, faster time-to-market, and enhanced adaptability to changing project requirements.

看板

Kanban is another popular Agile working model that focuses on visualizing and optimizing workflow. This approach uses a Kanban board to visualize tasks and their progress, typically represented as columns and cards. Kanban promotes a pull-based system where work items are pulled from one stage to the next as capacity allows. It provides teams with clear visibility into their work and enables them to identify bottlenecks and continuously improve their processes. Kanban’s benefits include improved efficiency, reduced waste, and enhanced team focus on delivering value.

極限編程（XP）

Another good Agile framework, Extreme Programming (XP) aims to improve software quality and enhance team productivity through a set of practices and values. With an emphasis on communication, simplicity, and adaptability, XP practices in Agile provides a structured approach to software development that enables teams to deliver high-quality products while accommodating changing requirements.

精益開發

精益方法雖然不完全是敏捷框架，但與敏捷共享許多原則和實踐。精益源於製造業，旨在通過關注價值創造和持續改進來消除浪費、提高效率。精益強調客戶價值、最小化不必要的工作和優化流程的重要性。通過在敏捷環境中採用精益原則，團隊可以增強協作、減少浪費並更有效地交付價值。

水晶法

When it comes to a concentration on individuals and their interactions, Crystal method is much more preferred. Developed by Alistair Cockburn, the Crystal Method is designed to prioritize people-oriented principles and values within the software development process. It acknowledges the importance of individual skills and expertise in project success. Furthermore, it focuses on identifying and leveraging the strengths of team members, ensuring that the right people are assigned to the right tasks.

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What are the benefits of using Agile methodology?

Adopting Agile principles and values can bring a range of benefits to organizations. Here are some of key

提高項目可見性

敏捷方法提供了項目進度的透明和實時視圖。定期會議（例如每日站立會議和衝刺評審）使團隊能夠討論他們的成就、挑戰和即將到來的任務。這種級別的可見性使利益相關者能夠做出明智的決策，識別潛在的障礙，並相應地調整優先級。因此，項目更有可能保持正軌並實現其目標。

增強適應性

In today’s rapidly changing business landscape, the ability to adapt quickly is crucial for success. Agile methodology excels in this area by enabling teams to respond swiftly to new requirements, market trends, or customer feedback. By breaking down projects into smaller, manageable tasks, Agile allows teams to adjust their plans and priorities without disrupting the entire project. This flexibility ensures that businesses can continuously improve and deliver value to their customers.

加快上市時間

敏捷方法強調在短迭代中交付工作產品。敏捷允許團隊在整個開發過程中發布增量更新，而不是等到項目結束才發布最終產品。這種迭代方法使企業能夠收集早期反饋、驗證假設並及時做出必要的調整。通過減少耗時的返工並儘早交付價值，敏捷方法可以幫助企業加快上市時間並獲得競爭優勢。

What are 5 stages of Agile methodology?

What are the 5 stages of agile development? Inspired by a software development lifecycle (SDLC), Agile methodology follows 5 stages including Ideation, development, testing, deployment, and operations. Let’s take a closer look at the ins and outs of each stage.

敏捷流程分為 5 個階段 — *敏捷項目生命週期的 5 個階段 | 照片：門迪克斯*

第一階段：構思

幾乎所有敏捷軟件開發項目都是從構思階段開始的。此過程涉及集思廣益和收集需求，以定義項目的範圍和目標。

During this stage, the product owner, stakeholders, and development team collaborate to identify project goals, user needs, and prioritize features. User stories or product backlog items are created to capture requirements and form the basis for development.

第二階段：發展

接下來是開發階段，重點是將需求轉化為功能性軟件增量。敏捷方法強調迭代和增量開發，將工作分解為可管理的任務或用戶故事。

開發團隊在短迭代中協作工作，通常稱為衝刺，這是專門用於完成特定任務的時間限制週期。在每個衝刺期間，團隊從產品積壓中選擇用戶故事並開發工作軟件增量，確保首先交付最有價值的功能。

第三階段：測試

In the third stage of Agile development process, Testing is performed continuously throughout the development process to ensure software quality and validate that the product meets the specified requirements.

敏捷方法論提倡測試驅動開發（TDD），即在實現代碼之前編寫測試。這有助於確保軟件按預期運行並減少引入錯誤或缺陷的可能性。

測試包括單元測試、集成測試和驗收測試，以驗證軟件的功能和可用性。

第四階段：部署

The deployment stage of Agile process model involves releasing the developed software to the end-users or customers. Agile methodologies advocate for frequent and regular deployments to gather feedback early and incorporate changes based on user input.

持續集成和持續部署（CI/CD）實踐通常用於自動化部署過程，確保以一致且高效的方式部署軟件。

此階段還包括配置管理、文檔和用戶培訓等活動，以促進順利過渡到實時環境。

第五階段：運營

In the final phase, the operations, it describes the ongoing support and maintenance of the deployed software. Agile methodologies recognize that software development is an ongoing process, and teams must be responsive to customer feedback and adapt to changing requirements.

敏捷團隊致力於持續監控、錯誤修復、功能增強和用戶支持，以確保軟件保持功能性、安全性並滿足最終用戶不斷變化的需求。定期進行回顧以反思開發過程並找出改進的機會。

敏捷方法論 VS 瀑布方法論

與依賴嚴格規劃和線性流程的傳統瀑布方法不同，敏捷擁抱變化並鼓勵團隊在稱為衝刺的短週期中工作。

雖然敏捷方法旨在擁抱變化，但瀑布方法在適應變化方面不太靈活。

瀑布項目的變化需要大量的返工，並且可能會擾亂計劃的時間表和預算。
Agile project’s changes can be easily incorporated within the short iterations, allowing for quick adaptations to customer needs and market dynamics.

此外，敏捷方法論促進早期和持續的風險識別和緩解。相比之下，瀑布方法由於其嚴格性和順序性，往往具有較高的項目失敗風險。

常見問題

什麼是敏捷方法論以及它是如何運作的？

敏捷方法是一種項目管理方法，重視對變化的適應性和響應能力，以交付高質量的結果。與傳統的項目管理方法不同，敏捷將項目分解為更小的、可管理的任務，並專注於增量交付價值。

什麼是敏捷與 Scrum？

Agile is a development methodology in the Agile Manifesto, which is designed to promote incremental and iterative development, continuous feedback, and frequent customer involvement. Scrum is an implementation under the Agile umbrella in which the whole project is divided into short time frames called sprints, and scrum master is responsible for delivering the product increment.