有沒有想過為什麼有些人似乎天生就有學習和進步的動力，不斷接受新的挑戰，而沒有獎金或讚美等外在獎勵？
It’s because they’re intrinsically motivated.
內在動機 是內心的火焰，促使我們去尋找困難的任務並承擔責任，不是為了給別人留下深刻的印象，而是為了我們自己的成就。
In this post, we’ll explore the research behind motivation from within and how to spark that drive that compels you to learn just for learning’s sake.
目錄
Overview
| 誰提出了「內在動機」這個詞？ | 德西和瑞安 |
| When was term ‘Intrinsic Motivation’ created? | 1985 |
提高參與度的技巧
內在動機 定義
內在動機 指來自個人內在的動機，而不是來自任何外在或外在的獎勵、壓力或力量。
It’s the internal 駕駛 它迫使你學習、創造、解決問題或幫助他人，因為它激發了你的好奇心和承諾感。
It requires the satisfaction of three needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness. For example, having choice and a sense of personal involvement (autonomy), challenge at an appropriate level (competence), and social connection (relatedness).
培養內在動機比僅僅依賴外部獎勵更有利於學習、個人成長、整體工作滿意度和績效。
內在動機與外在動機
Extrinsic motivation is the opposite of intrinsic motivation, it’s the external force that compels you to do something to avoid punishments or earn a reward such as money or winning a prize. Let’s see the key differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation below:
| 內在動機 | 外在動機 | |
| Overview | 來自個體內部 受興趣、享受或挑戰感驅動 進行某項活動的原因本質上是有益的 動機獨立持續，無需外在獎勵或約束 | 來自個人以外 受到對獎勵的渴望或對懲罰的恐懼的驅使 進行某項活動的原因與活動本身是分開的，例如獲得好成績或獎金 動機取決於外在獎勵和持續的約束 |
| 專注於 | 注重活動本身的內在滿意度 | 更專注於外部目標和獎勵 |
| 性能效果 | 通常會帶來更高的概念學習、創造力和任務參與度 | 提升簡單/重複性任務的表現，但會削弱創造力和解決複雜問題的能力 |
| 長期影響 | 促進終身學習和自然的個人成長 | 如果獎勵結束，僅依賴外在激勵因素可能無法促進自我導向行為 |
| 包機成本結構範例 | 由於好奇心而從事有趣的項目 | 為了獎金而加班 |
內在動機的影響
Have you ever found yourself so absorbed in a project or activity that hours seem to fly by in the blink of an eye? You were in a state of pure focus and flow, losing yourself in the challenge. That’s the power of intrinsic motivation at work.
When you engage in something because you find it genuinely interesting or fulfilling, rather than for external rewards, it allows your creativity and problem-solving abilities to soar. Your performance stops being a means to an end – it becomes an end in itself.
結果，具有內在動機的人會進一步拓展自己。 他們解決更困難的問題只是為了獲得征服的快感。 他們無所畏懼地探索新想法，不用擔心失敗或判斷。 這比任何激勵計劃都能帶來更高品質的工作。
更好的是，內在驅動力在深刻的層面上激發了對學習的自然渴望。 它將工作或學習從瑣事轉變為終生的熱情。 內在任務可以激發好奇心，從而提高記憶力並幫助技能堅持下去。
促進內在動機的因素
當你充分了解影響內在動機的因素時，你就可以正確地制定周密的計畫來填補缺失的內容並強化現有的內容。 這些因素是：
• Autonomy – When you’re in control of your own decisions and direction, it ignites that inner spark to soar higher. Having freedom over choices, charting your course, and co-piloting targets let that intrinsic fuel propel you further.
• Mastery and competence – Taking on challenges that stretch without breaking you pumps up your motivation. As you gain expertise through practice, feedback cheers your progress onwards. Reaching new milestones fuels your drive to hone your abilities even more.
• Purpose and meaning – Intrinsic thrust propels you most powerfully when you understand how your talents further meaningful missions. Seeing the impacts of small efforts inspires greater contributions to causes close to heart.
• Interest and enjoyment – Nothing motivates like interests that light your curiosity’s flame. When options nurture your natural wonders and creations, your inner zest flows boundlessly. Stimulating endeavours let interests steer exploration in new skies.
• Positive feedback and recognition – Positive encouragement not toxicity reinforces intrinsic motivation. Applause for commitment, not just outcomes, uplifts morale. Commemorating milestones makes each achievement a runway for your next takeoff.
• Social interaction and collaboration – Our drive thrives alongside others with shared heights to reach. Collaborating towards joint victories satisfies social souls. Support networks strengthen motivation for continued cruising altitudes.
• Clear goals and progress tracking – Internal propulsion runs smoothest with clear navigations. Knowing destinations and monitoring advance launch you with confidence. Purpose-driven routes let intrinsic navigation guide your climb through shining skies.用這份問卷衡量您的內在動機
This questionnaire is useful to identify if you’re intrinsically motivated. Regular self-reflection helps recognise activities naturally sparked by your inner motivational energies versus those dependent on external incentives.
每項陳述，請以 1-5 分的等級對自己進行評分：
- 1 – Not like me at all
- 2 – Slightly like me
- 3 – Moderately like me
- 4 – Very like me
- 5 – Extremely like me
#1 – Interest/Enjoyment
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 我發現自己在空閒時間做這項活動，因為我非常喜歡它。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 這項活動為我帶來了快樂和滿足感。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 做這項活動時我感到興奮和全神貫注。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
#2 – Challenge and curiosity
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 我強迫自己學習與這項活動相關的更複雜的技能。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 我很好奇探索開展這項活動的新方法。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 我對這項活動的難題或未解決的問題感到有動力。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
#3 – Sense of autonomy
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 我覺得我可以自由地調整我的方法來適應這項活動。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| No one is forcing me to do this activity – it was my own choice. | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 我對自己參與這項活動有一種掌控感。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
#4 – Progress and mastery
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 我對自己與這項活動相關的能力感到有能力和信心。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 隨著時間的推移，我可以看到我的技能在這項活動中得到了提升。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 在這項活動中實現具有挑戰性的目標是令人滿意的。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
#5 – Importance and meaningfulness
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 我發現這項活動與個人相關且重要。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 做這個活動對我來說很有意義。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 我了解這項活動如何產生正面影響。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
#6 – Feedback and recognition
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 我的努力或進步的正面回饋會激勵我。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 看到最終結果會激勵我繼續進步。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 其他人承認並讚賞我在這領域的貢獻。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
#7 – Social interaction
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 與他人分享這段經歷會增加我的動力。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 為一個共同的目標而共同努力讓我充滿活力。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 支持性關係增強了我對這項活動的參與。 | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
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總結
So as this post ends, our final message is – take time to reflect on how to align your work and studies with your inner passions. And look for ways to provide the autonomy, feedback and relationships others need to light their intrinsic fire as well.
You’ll be amazed at what can happen when motivation is powered from within rather than relying on external controls. The possibilities are endless!
常見問題
什麼是內在動機和外在動機？
內在動機是指來自內在驅力和興趣的動機，而不是外在提示。 有內在動機的人會為了自己的利益而從事活動，而不是期待一些外在的回報。
內在動機的四個組成部分是什麼？
內在動機的四個組成部分是能力、自主性、關聯性和目的。
5個內在動機是什麼？
5 個內在動機是自主、掌握、目的、進步和社會互動。
